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command_line —
tools and tips
df -h [PATH]
| -h |
| human readable size output. |
| -a |
| display all files and directories. |
| -d [N] |
| max recursion depth. |
| -s |
| summarize, display only the total. |
$ du -had1 [PATH]
$ du -hs [PATH]
Copy files with full path
cp --parents
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| Create multiple directories |
: mkdir {dir1,dir2,dir3} |
| Create nested directories |
: mkdir -p dir1/dir2 |
| Create multiple nested directories |
: mkdir -p main_dir/{dir1,dir2,dir3} |
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| Action |
Command |
| Move file or directory |
: mv SOURCE TARGET |
| Copy file |
: cp SOURCE TARGET |
| Copy direcotry |
: cp -r SOURCE TARGET |
| Remove file |
: rm FILENAME |
| Remove directory |
: rm -r DIRECTORY |
The flag -R/-r applies to different commands to execute recursive actions.
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Command output can be redirected to other commands using | .
| -n |
: Maximum number of arguments. |
| -0 |
: User NUL as separator instead of the default space and newlines. |
$ echo -e "1\n2\n3" | xargs -n1 echo
1
2
3
$ echo -e "1\n2\n3" | xargs echo
1 2 3
$ echo -e "1\n2\n3" | xargs -0 echo
1
2
3
$ echo "1 2 3" | xargs echo
1 2 3
$ echo "1 2 3" | xargs -n1 echo
1
2
3
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| Concatenate images |
: convert +append INPUT_FILES OUTPUT_FILE |
| Lower the quality to reduce file size |
: convert -quality 50 INPUT_FILE(S)
OUTPUT_FILE |
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| command_line_intro,
wget, lynx,
user_management,
tor,
sort, network,
comparison,
text_processing,
bash, linux |
| VoidLinux manpages:
cp(1),
mkdir(1),
df(1),
du(1),
magick(1),
mv(1),
rm(1),
xargs(1) |
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| 2026-06-02 |
: Merged command_line_intro. |
|
: Moved sort, network, comparison into its own files. |
| 2026-05-10 |
: added ImageMagick concatenation and quality. |
| 2025-11-24 |
: Created |